PPPģʽPublicPrivatePartnershipĸsָc˽˽M֮gṩijNƷͷ(w)S(qun)f(xi)hA(ch)˴֮gγһNʽĺP(gun)ϵͨ^ͬ_pę(qun)x(w)Դ_Kʹ_(d)A(y)چΪ(d)Є(dng)ĽY(ji)
˽ϠIģʽPPPcȫ^̽(jng)Ic(din)ܵ(ni)VP(gun)עPPPģʽ؟(z)S(jng)I(qun)ʽD(zhun)ƽo(hu)wI(y)c(hu)w湲L(fng)U(xin)(dn)ȫ̺ĹͬwP(gun)ϵؔ(ci)ؓ(f)(dn)pp(hu)wͶYL(fng)U(xin)pСPPPģʽ^mڹ^(qing)ďU̎еijһh(hun)(ji)кU̎ķٟ̎c̎íh(hun)(ji)@NģʽҪx(xing)ĿͿ]cʽc̶ȣ@ֵ̽ӑ_Ć}
ֹ201511µףҰl(f)չĸί_ƽĵһ1043(g)PPP(xing)ĿѺs(xing)Ŀ_(d)329(g)ռƽ(xing)Ŀ(sh)ı31.5%PPPģʽҲQPPPYPPP
PPPģʽ
PPPģʽ(4)
S(xing)ĿYİl(f)չһ(g)~PPP(Public-Private Partnership˽ϻϠIַQ˽f(xi))_ʼF(xin)ԽԽeښWޡԓ~Ӣ1982ָc˽I̺ӆLڅf(xi)hڙ(qun)˽I̴O(sh)\(yn)IA(ch)O(sh)ʩṩ(w)ĔMPPPĸNxһ(g)CՓՓA(ch)
Mxx
ĸ͇HMPPPPPPЏVxͪMx֮VxPPPָTc˽˲Tṩa(chn)Ʒ(w)ĸNP(gun)ϵMxPPPһϵ(xing)ĿYģʽĿQBOTTOTDBFOȶNģʽMxPPPӏ(qing){(dio)^еL(fng)U(xin)֓(dn)C(j)ƺ(xing)Ŀĺֵ(ValueForMoney)ԭt
Vxx
PPPӢ"Public-Private Partnership"ĺֱg顰˽ϻơָ֮Tͨ^c˽˲TP(gun)ϵṩa(chn)Ʒ(w)һNʽmȻ˽˲Tcṩa(chn)Ʒ(w)кLvʷPPPg(sh)ZijF(xin)^ǽʮڴ֮ǰ˂Vʹõg(sh)ZConcessionBOTPFIPPPһ(g)xdzĸ֮R(sh)ΑB(ti)IJͬҪʹPPPĴ_Ѓ(ni)_(d)ɹR(sh)ǷdzyW(xu)NorbertPortzJ(rn)"ԇDȥY(ji)PPPʲôߑ(yng)ԓʲô]κx]й̶ĶxҲyȥC@(g)xģӢĆ~ԴPPPĴ_кxҪ(j)ͬİ_
R(sh)ΑB(ti)ͬ̎PPPl(f)չIJͬA(do)¸ʹõg(sh)ZMͬߌͬһ(g)g(sh)ZⲻMһ@ͽoPPPķܴ韩ĹP߲醵YρHMPPPķʮN֮
PPPĸNģʽ京x
VxPPPԷ֞S(jng)I˽лУ
PPP(xing)ĿһͶY˽˲Tа(g)(xing)Ŀеһ(xing)(xing)ֻؓ(f)؟(z)̽O(sh)֮дSo(h)O(sh)ʩṩֹ(w)ͨ^M(fi)(sh)F(xin)PPP(xing)Ŀ˽˲TГ(dn)L(fng)U(xin)^С
S(jng)I
(xing)ĿҪ˽˅cֻȫͶYͨ^һĺC(j)cT֓(dn)(xing)ĿL(fng)U(xin)(xing)Ŀ(j)(xing)ĿČ(sh)HrTܕ(hu)S(jng)I˾ȡһS(jng)IM(fi)oһa(b)@ҪTf(xi){(dio)˽˲T(xing)ĿĹԃ֮gƽP(gun)ϵS(jng)I(xing)Ŀܷɹں̶ܴȡQP(gun)TĹˮƽͨ^ЧıO(jin)ܙC(j)S(jng)I(xing)Ŀְܳl(f)]pԵă(yu)ݣ(ji)s(g)(xing)ĿĽO(sh)ͽ(jng)Iɱͬr(sh)߀߹(w)|(zh)(xing)ĿYa(chn)KwTһʹÙ(qun)Й(qun)ƽ^ͬY(ji)Ҫ˽˲T(xing)ĿʹÙ(qun)Й(qun)ƽoT
˽л
PPP(xing)ĿtҪ˽˲Tؓ(f)؟(z)(xing)ĿȫͶYıO(jin)£ͨ^ÑM(fi)ջͶY(sh)F(xin)˽лPPP(xing)ĿЙ(qun)Úw˽˓Ҳ߂ԣ˽˲T@PPP(xing)ĿгГ(dn)L(fng)U(xin)
\(yn)Iʽ
ڰl(f)_(d)PPPđ(yng)÷VȿڻA(ch)O(sh)ʩͶYO(sh)(ˮS늏S)ҲںܶӯO(sh)ʩĽO(sh)(O(jin)zW(xu)У)ڜ(zhn)ͨ^И(bio)ʽO(sh)(g)W\(yn)^҂J(rn)PPPһNOõķʽW\(yn)^yƽYҪm(dng)?sh)ķʽM(jn)Ͷ룬ʹ(xing)Ŀ̘I(y)\(yn)ͬӣ(zhn)Ҏ(gu)ģO(sh)F·PPPͬЧķʽ
Ҫ(yu)c(din)
ڌЈC(j)M(jn)˻A(ch)O(sh)ʩͶYглA(ch)O(sh)ʩ(xing)Ŀǿ̘I(y)(yng)ԓf(sh)A(ch)O(sh)ʩDz̘I(y)ġJ(rn)ͨ^ЈC(j)\(yn)A(ch)O(sh)ʩ(xing)Ŀȫ˳ͶYI(lng)ڻA(ch)O(sh)ʩЈ^ò^m(x)A(ch)O(sh)ʩͶһY𡣌fPPP(xing)ĿеͶҪСڂy(tng)ʽͶ֮gIJֵPPPʽ
1M(fi)õij֧T˽I(y)ڳʼA˽I(y)cͬc(xing)ĿR(sh)eоO(sh)ʩY(xing)ĿO(sh)^,C(xing)Ŀڼg(sh)ͽ(jng)(j)ϵĿԣsǰڹ,ʹ(xing)ĿM(fi)ýPPPģʽֻЮ(dng)(xing)Ŀѽ(jng)ɲõ(zhn)ʹú˽IT_ʼ@,PPPģʽЧʺͽr(ji),܉(xing)Ŀ깤L(fng)U(xin)YL(fng)U(xin)оcy(tng)YģʽPPP(xing)ĿƽT(ji)s17%M(fi)ãҽO(sh)ڶܰr(sh)
2D(zhun)Qܣppؔ(ci)ؓ(f)(dn)ԏķص(w)Ó^ȥĻA(ch)O(sh)ʩ(w)ṩ׃һ(g)O(jin)ܵĽɫĶC|(zh)Ҳؔ(ci)A(y)㷽pp
3M(jn)ͶYwĶԪ˽ITṩYa(chn)ͷ(w)ܞTṩYͼ,M(jn)ͶYwƸĸͬr(sh),˽ITc(xing)Ŀ߀Ƅ(dng)(xing)ĿO(sh)Ӌ(j)ʩO(sh)ʩ^̵ȷĸ,kЧ,ѹͽ(jng)(yn)
4TgTȡLa(b)l(f)]C(j)(gu)IC(j)(gu)Եă(yu)a(b)ϵIJpγɻLĿ(bio)Чijɱ鹫ṩ|(zh)ķ(w)
5ʹ(xing)ĿcϽMɑ(zhn)(lin),f(xi){(dio)ͬĿ(bio)P(gun)I
6L(fng)U(xin)cBOTģʽͬ,PPP(xing)ĿھͿԌ(sh)F(xin)L(fng)U(xin),ͬr(sh)֓(dn)һL(fng)U(xin),ʹL(fng)U(xin),p˳нcͶYL(fng)U(xin),ĶYy,(xing)ĿYɹĿڷ֓(dn)L(fng)U(xin)ͬr(sh)ҲһĿƙ(qun)
7(yng)÷Vԓģʽͻ˽I(y)cA(ch)O(sh)ʩ(xing)ĿMC(j)(gu)ĶNmڳйȸI(y)·F·C(j)t(y)ԺW(xu)Уȡ
x
W(xu)PeterF.Drucker(jng)ָ挦һ(g)(sh)Ĵ_ҲL(hu)^(q)M(jn)֪R(sh)(jng)(j)r(sh)YԴļȡc䑪(yng)ԓԸЧʵķʽM(jn)Сؓ(f)؟(z)ƶcҎ(gu)߈(zh)䌍(sh)g^(q)˽IT@ӲHԜppLԁؔ(ci)ؓ(f)(dn)ֿɌ^(q)빫(w)M(jn)̮(dng)ԏ(qing)R(sh)c(hu)J(rn)ͬУͬr(sh)YԴʹЧܺͽO(sh)\(yn)IЧڬF(xin)(hu)İl(f)չM(jn)PPPоЬF(xin)(sh)eOx
Ҫl
֧
T֧֡PPPģʽйIpĽɫ؟(z)Ε(hu)S(xing)ĿIJͬĿwɫ؟(z)--ṩ(yu)|(zh)ĹO(sh)ʩͷ(w)--sʼK׃ġPPPģʽṩO(sh)ʩ(w)һN^ЧķʽnjЧ͛Qߵκr(yng)ıo(h)ʹM(jn)l(f)ؓ(f)؟(z)(xing)ĿĿw߄MИ(bio)호cC(j)(gu)֮gę(qun)P(gun)ϵ(xing)ĿwL(fng)U(xin)ȡ
20151020Ұl(f)չĸίȫ(lin)ڱe(hu)Y(PPP)(xing)ĿƽҕԒ(hu)h,Kɽ|Fݵ߂(g)ʡڕ(hu)ƳͶYs9400|Ԫ287(g)(xing)Ŀ,漰·܉ͨC(j)ˮԴȶ(g)I(lng)
Ұl(f)չĸίΏڕ(hu)f,ƏV(sh)ʩPPPģʽͶYwƸĸl(f)gͶY߹a(chn)Ʒͷ(w)oЧU(ku)ЧͶYȾҪx(dng)ǰ,뵽ط,I(y),ƏV(sh)ʩPPPģʽğܸ,ȡ˷eOM(jn)չ
cͬr(sh),gYącȻҷ,gYȻIJ㡢Ը(qing)Ȇ},ͬr(sh)ڌ߲˽,߀ڷɢͶYoȆ}^ӯA(y)ڵ(xing)ĿgY_,{(dio)(dng)gYeOԡ[2]
ȫ
ȫķɷҎ(gu)ƶPPP(xing)Ŀ\(yn)ҪڷɌTcI(y)T(xing)ĿҪГ(dn)؟(z)x(w)L(fng)U(xin)M(jn)_綨o(h)pPPPģʽ(xing)ĿO(sh)Ӌ(j)Y\(yn)I;So(h)ȸ(g)AζԲɼ{Iͨ^ƵķɷҎ(gu)cpM(jn)ЧsȰl(f)](yu)ݺ͏a(b)C
201561҇A(ch)O(sh)ʩI(y)S(jng)Ikʽʩԓk_Դͨˮh(hun)ȻA(ch)O(sh)ʩI(y)I(lng)_չS(jng)I(ni)ⷨ˻Mͨ^_һͷ(ni)cͶYO(sh)\(yn)IA(ch)O(sh)ʩI(y)@A(ch)O(sh)ʩI(y)S(jng)Ik_(hu)YɅcS(jng)I(qun)ƶԄ(chung)I(y)ĬJ(rn)顰PPP
I(y)˲
I(y)C(j)(gu)˲ŵ֧֡PPPģʽ\(yn)V(xing)ĿS(jng)I(qun)ķʽM(jn)нY(ji)(gu)Y@Ҫ^(f)sķںؔ(ci)(w)ȷ֪R(sh)һҪƶcƶҎ(gu)(bio)(zhn)PPP(xing)Ŀ\(yn)ṩg(sh)ָ(do)P(gun)֧һҪI(y)нC(j)(gu)ṩwI(y)ķ(w)
l(f)չʽ
PPPģʽĵͽY(ji)(gu)飺Tطͨ^ُʽcИ(bio)λMɵĿĹ˾Sͬ(ĿĹ˾һИ(bio)Ľ˾(w)(jng)I˾?q)?xing)ĿM(jn)ͶYĵMɵĹɷ˾)ĿĹ˾ؓ(f)؟(z)IYO(sh)(jng)IͨcṩJĽڙC(j)(gu)_(d)һ(g)ֱӅf(xi)h@(g)f(xi)hnj(xing)ĿM(jn)Г(dn)ąf(xi)hһ(g)JC(j)(gu)ZcĿĹ˾ĺ֧ͬP(gun)M(fi)õąf(xi)@(g)f(xi)hʹĿĹ˾ܱ^ث@ýڙC(j)(gu)J@NYʽČ(sh)|(zh)ǣͨ^o˽I˾LڵS(jng)I(qun)(qun)QȡA(ch)O(sh)ʩӿ콨O(sh)Ч\(yn)I
F(xin)(sh)(yng)þ
PPPģʽڸN̏V(yng)PPPģʽѽ(jng)õձđ(yng)á1992Ӣ瑪(yng)PPPģʽӢ75%J(rn)PPPģʽµĹ_(d)ͳ^r(ji)c|(zh)P(gun)ϵҪɹ(ji)ʡ17%Y80%Ĺ(xing)ĿҎ(gu)Ҏ(gu)И(bio)(xing)Ŀɵֻ30%20%δɵӕr(sh)gL]г^4(g)¡ͬr(sh)80%Ĺ̺YA(y)֮(ni)һy(tng)И(bio)ʽֻ_(d)25%20%^A(y)?yn){(dio)̷ӢĽ(jng)(yn)mPPPģʽĹ̰ͨ·F·C(j)ۿڣl(wi)t(y)ԺȫO(jin)zW(xu)У(dng)a(chn)LJҞƽA(ch)O(sh)ʩͶYI(y)Ƶı1994M(jn)PPPģʽY(ji)˻A(ch)O(sh)ʩF(xin)̶@óYͶY(hu)l(f)չӋ(j)36(g)(xing)ĿͶY~60|Ԫ24(g)ͨI(lng)9(g)C(j)2(g)O(jin)z1(g)ˮͶYҎ(gu)ģģʽ(sh)ʩǰ3|Ԫӵ17|Ԫ1997ꆢ(dng)PPPģʽȑ(yng)ڹ·W(wng)ĽO(sh)200610g·̱ԭһ·ڌ(sh)ʩĹ߀t(y)ԺĽO(sh)\(yn)IF·ͳеF200412ͨ^˽ϠIPPPģʽԓҹT(zh)PPPģʽµĹͶ(bio)ͺӆ̺ͬwҎ(gu)(j)Ӌ(j)Qѽ(jng)2004꣭2007l(f)չҎ(gu)е23(xing)·F·ۿںȹ̌PPPģʽИ(bio)(xing)ĿͶY130.67|ׁ
M(jn)ЇA(ch)O(sh)ʩO(sh)(xing)ĿIЇA(ch)O(sh)ʩO(sh)I(lng)PPPģʽИOҪĬF(xin)(sh)r(ji)ֵЇҲ_ʼJ(rn)R(sh)@ЩҪr(ji)ֵPPPģʽЇİl(f)չṩһćߌֺ֧ͷɷҎ(gu)֧
Ҫ(ni)
һPPPһN͵(xing)ĿYģʽ(xing)ĿPPPY(xing)ĿwY(dng)(xing)ĿYһN(sh)F(xin)ʽҪ(j)(xing)ĿA(y)Ya(chn)Լִʩȶ(xing)ĿͶY˻l(f)˵YŁY(xing)Ŀ(jng)Iֱͨ^D(zhun)Чǃ߀JYԴ(xing)Ŀ˾Ya(chn)oZJİȫ
ڶPPPYģʽʹIYc(xing)ĿЧL(fng)U(xin)@ҲǬF(xin)(xing)ĿYģʽǷȱĹTcII(y)S(qun)f(xi)hA(ch)M(jn)ȫ̵ĺpͬ(xing)Ŀ\(yn)е(g)ؓ(f)؟(z)PPPʽIJҎ(gu)tʹII(y)c܉ͨ(xing)ĿĴ_J(rn)O(sh)Ӌ(j)ͿоǰڹЁ@HII(y)ͶYL(fng)U(xin)܌II(y)ͶYO(sh)иЧʵĹcg(sh)(xing)ĿЁ߀Ч،(sh)F(xin)(xing)ĿO(sh)c\(yn)еĿĶڽ(xing)ĿO(sh)ͶYL(fng)U(xin)^õرχcII(y)@s(xing)ĿO(sh)(xing)Ŀ\(yn)ɱYa(chn)ؓ(f)ʶֵÿ϶ĬF(xin)(sh)x
PPPģʽһ̶ϱCIYɈD˽ITͶYĿ(bio)nj܉߀JͶY؈(bo)(xing)ĿoɈDĻA(ch)O(sh)ʩ(xing)ĿIYͶȡPPPģʽԽo˽ͶY(yng)߷a(b)ĶܺõؽQ@(g)}綐Ճ(yu)J(dn)oII(y)ؾ(yu)_l(f)(qun)ͨ^(sh)ʩ@Щ߿IYͶY܉ͨ(xing)ĿķeOԡ
PPPģʽڜppڽO(sh)ͶYؓ(f)(dn)L(fng)U(xin)ǰ£߳܉ͨ(w)|(zh)PPPģʽTII(y)ͬc܉ͨĽO(sh)\(yn)III(y)ؓ(f)؟(z)(xing)ĿYп(xing)ĿY(sh)M(jn)^ߵYa(chn)ؓ(f)Ҳܹ(ji)ʡͶY߀Ԍ(xing)ĿһL(fng)U(xin)D(zhun)ƽoII(y)ĶppL(fng)U(xin)ͬr(sh)pγɻLĿ(bio)õ؞(hu)ṩ(w)
Ŀ(bio)\(yn)
PPPģʽĿ(bio)ЃɷNһǵ͌ӴĿ(bio)ָض(xing)ĿĶĿ(bio)ǸߌӴĿ(bio)
PPPģʽĽMʽdz(f)sȿܰ˽ˠII(y)˽˷ǠIԽMͬr(sh)߀ܰǠIԽM֮gɱؕ(hu)a(chn)ͬӴΡ͵؟(z)εķֻc˽I(y)γęC(j)ƣʹúķģͬ殐ǰ(xing)ĿĿ(bio)PPPģʽęC(j)(gu)Ӵξһ픲(xing)Ŀڇ˽˲TcA(ch)O(sh)ʩO(sh)(xing)ĿP(gun)ߵƶ
(xing)ĿڇA(ch)O(sh)ʩO(sh)(xing)Ŀһ(g)߿ܡĿ(bio)͌(sh)ʩ(xing)ĿĽO(sh)\(yn)I^̵ącM(jn)ָ(do)ͼsв(xing)ĿڇP(gun)C(j)(gu)ؓ(f)؟(z)ָ(do)M(jn)нጺ\(yn)ãγɾw(xing)ĿĿ(bio)ĵײ(xing)Ŀ˽˅cͨ^c(xing)ĿڇP(gun)Tһ(g)Lڵąf(xi)hͬf(xi){(dio)C(j)(gu)Ŀ(bio)(xing)ĿڇĿ(bio)(xing)ĿڇP(gun)C(j)(gu)ľwĿ(bio)֮gP(gun)ϵMʹc(xing)ĿM(jn)_(d)A(y)Ŀ(bio)@Nģʽһ(g)@c(din)(xing)ĿڇٙC(j)(gu)c(xing)ĿͶYߺͽ(jng)I֮gf(xi){(dio)(xing)ĿO(sh)аl(f)]PPPģʽһ(g)(xing)ĿYnj(xing)ĿYďص,nj(xing)Ŀ^еĽMC(j)(gu)O(sh)һ(g)µģAI(y)ͷAI(y)ij(g)(xing)ĿγԡpAAʽ,c_(d)cA(y)چΪ(d)Є(dng)ȸĽY(ji)cmȻ]_(d),s(sh)F(xin)ˡиЧ(yng),D(hu)Ч@@ȻϹA(ch)O(sh)ʩO(sh)ּ
ʲôPPPYеͶYԸṩČԂ(w)ߜ(zhn)ɱY?
cɱY(zhn)ɱYc(din):
һPPPY(xing)Ŀ˾ļtͨڇ(yn)ǿͨ^ՄУpٌ(zhn)ɱ@(g)nj(w)Ϣ֧ơ
ڶ(zhn)ɱYͶYO(sh)Ӌ(j)(xing)ĿķɽY(ji)(gu)ṩ^`ԣ(w)Ϣ֧Եֶ(zhn)ɱYă߀Բÿ](xing)ĿĶ(w)Y(ji)(gu)ɱY߀t(hu)ܵ(xing)ĿͶYY(ji)(gu)Ͷ(w)Y(ji)(gu)ķNN䷨ɳdz(f)s
^c(din)
(hu)YxcϢϢP(gun)(xing)Ŀ
(jng)(j)W(xu)xJ(rn)飬ȫvx@ЩI(lng)Ҫ?yn)Ј̶^ߣ(hu)YM(jn)]к֮n@Ӳȡ(hu)Ч
ؔ(ci)ؓ(f)(dn)I(y)ͶYL(fng)U(xin)ƽ
xQκͶY(xing)ĿL(fng)U(xin)ģ`Z@NL(fng)U(xin)ʬF(xin)߰l(f)B(ti)@Ҫc(hu)wδIȽ湲L(fng)U(xin)(dn)ȫ̺ĹͬwwϵI(y)֮ga(b)C(j)ʹؔ(ci)ؓ(f)(dn)pp(hu)wͶYL(fng)U(xin)pС
PPP(xing)Ŀ
^(q)Уl(f)չĸίP(gun)λ
؞䌍(sh)(bo)桷P(gun)ڡeOƏV(hu)Yģʽl(f)]_l(f)ԽԽӹa(chn)ƷoеáIJҪ(j)(w)ԺI(lng)(do)P(gun)Ќ(sh)c(din)Ͷ\(yn)YC(j)ƷŴЧ(yng)ʾ2015310ՇҰl(f)չĸί_l(f)y(lin)ӡl(f)P(gun)M(jn)_l(f)Խ֧(hu)YP(gun)֪ͨl(f)]_l(f)ԽڷeOM(jn)PPP(xing)Ŀ(sh)ʩȹwҪ
֪ͨҪذl(f)չĸﲿTҪӏ(qing)f(xi){(dio)eOYI(y)II(y)I(y)طȸЈw`\(yn)ûͶYyJl(f)ЂȯȸڹM(jn)ƥɱm(dng)ԼԪɳm(x)PPP(xing)ĿYϙC(j)ơҪӏ(qing)c_l(f)yеȽڙC(j)(gu)Ĝͨr(sh)PPP(xing)ĿϢf(xi){(dio)Q(xing)ĿYO(sh)дڵĆ}yYM(jn)(chung)l
ذl(f)ί(xing)ĿͶYλ˽³B(ti)c(din)Ą(l)(xing)ĿI(lng)ߺģʽPPPͶYģʽڵcyc(din)Yx(yu)Y(xing)ĿṩԃY(w)]飬PPP(xing)Ŀc\(yn)IɹЇͶYf(xi)(hu)(xing)ĿͶYί(hu)QekPPP(xing)ĿϵӖ(xn)ӑ(dng)